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Ginkgolide - Wikipedia
Ginkgolides are biologically active terpenic lactones present in Ginkgo biloba. They are diterpenoids with 20-carbon skeletons, which are biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
Total Synthesis of Ginkgolide C and Formal Syntheses of Ginkgolides A ...
The highly complex molecular architecture of ginkgolides, combined with their remarkable biological profile, provides a unique platform for the development of new strategies and methods. Herein, we reported the first total synthesis of ginkgolide C and the formal syntheses of ginkgolides A and B.
Ginkgolide - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ginkgolides are pharmacologically-active diterpenes found in Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), which have been widely reported to have several pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory effects; for example, Ginkgolides A–C, J and M (Fig. 4).
Synthetic studies on the ginkgolides: total synthesis of ...
Total Synthesis of Ginkgolide C and Formal Syntheses of Ginkgolides A and B. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2022, 144 (39) , 17792-17796. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c08351
The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in ...
The ginkgolides and bilobalide that constitute a critical part of EGb761 have demonstrated protective properties towards cerebral injury. Ginkgolides include Ginkgolide A (GA), Ginkgolide B (GB), Ginkgolide C (GC), Ginkgolide J (GJ), Ginkgolide K (GK), Ginkgolide L (GL), and Ginkgolide M (GM).
The protective mechanism of Ginkgolides and Ginkgo flavonoids on the ...
In summary, we demonstrated that Ginkgolides and Ginkgos flavonoids might protect against apoptosis of hippocampal neurons through inhibiting death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway. In addition, Ginkgolides and Ginkgos flavonoids show no difference in anti-apoptotic effect under TNF-α background.
Frontiers | Role of Ginkgolides in the Inflammatory Immune Response of ...
An excessive IIR is the pathological basis for the generation and development of neurological diseases. Ginkgolides are one of the important medicinal ingredients in Ginkgo biloba. Many studies have verified that ginkgolides have anti-platelet-activating, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, neurotrophic, and neuroimmunomodulatory effects.
Ginkgo biloba: A Treasure of Functional Phytochemicals with ...
Ginkgolides have been shown to be bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis, but not against Escherichia coli. Ginkgolic acids, by contrast, have demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against E. coli , with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.5 × 10 −3 g/mL.
Human pharmacokinetics of ginkgo terpene lactones and impact of ...
Terpene lactones are a class of bioactive constituents of standardized preparations of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, extensively used as add-on therapies in patients with ischemic cardiovascular and ...
Ginkgolide - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ginkgolides are pharmacologically-active diterpenes found in Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), which have been widely reported to have several pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory effects; for example, Ginkgolides A–C, J and M (Fig. 4).
Ginkgo biloba - SOHF
Het bevat diverse soorten flavonoïden en terpenoïden, de bruikbare delen van ginkgo zijn het blad en het zaad. Ginkgo biloba heeft onder andere antimicrobiële, antioxiderende en ontstekingsremmende effecten. De plant kent diverse interacties met medicijnen, andere supplementen en aandoeningen.
The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in ...
In this review, we hope to provide the readers with an overview of current understanding of the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral injury following ischemic strokes. Ginkgolides and bilobalide are unique terpenoid components of the Ginkgo biloba tree.
Ginkgolide - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ginkgo. Ginkgo (maidenhair tree, silver apricot) contains ginkgolides, which inhibit platelet-activating factor, reducing aggregability; this may contribute to bleeding disorders in patients taking Ginkgo. Ginkgo has small beneficial effects in patients with intermittent claudication [ 1] and dementias [ 1, 2 ].
A gene cluster in Ginkgo biloba encodes unique multifunctional ... - Nature
Ginkgolides are likely defense-related compounds in G. biloba and the TF present in the putative BGC may serve as a tran- scriptionalregulatorofthegenesinvolvedintheirbiosynthesis,sincea
Ginkgo biloba: An updated review on pharmacological, ethnobotanical ...
Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), known as a "living fossil,"has a long history of medicinal use. Both its leaves and nutshave been widely prescribed for the treatment of various ailments, including pulmonary diseases, alcohol abuse, bladder inflammation, heart and lung dysfunction, and skin infections.
Neuroregulatory role of ginkgolides - Springer
This review paper discusses the role of ginkgolides in neuroregulation and immunomodulation. Further, the authors present the interaction between ginkgolides and various receptors. In the main part of the review, the reader is introduced to the impact of ginkgolides on the neurotrans-mitters and main transmitter pathways. In the end, the paper
Biosynthesis pathways of ginkgolides - PMC - National Center for ...
This review focuses on the biosynthetic pathways of ginkgolides, the enzymes related to the biosynthesis of the ginkgolides, the genes encoding the enzymes cloned from the ginkgo, and the factors influencing the production of ginkgolides in cell cultures.
A gene cluster in Ginkgo biloba encodes unique multifunctional ... - Nature
Here, the authors identify five multifunctional cytochrome P450s that catalyze the generation of the tert-butyl group and one of the lactone rings towards the biosynthesis of ginkgolides.
Role of Ginkgolides in the Inflammatory Immune Response of Neurological ...
Regulating an excessive IIR has become a novel therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Ginkgolides are isolated and purified from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The ginkgo leaf extracts commonly contain flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and terpene trilactone (Al-Adwani et al., 2019).
Neuroregulatory role of ginkgolides | Molecular Biology Reports - Springer
Ginkgolides present a wide variety of neuroregulatory properties, commonly used in the therapy process of common diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and many other CNS-related diseases and disorders. The neuroregulative properties of ginkgolides include the conditioning of neurotransmitters action, e.g., glutamate or ...
Ginkgolide - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The ginkgolides are a unique class of diterpenoids isolated from the ‘fossil’ tree Ginkgo biloba L. This tree is the only remaining species of the Ginkgoales, once a very large order, and its extreme botanical position is matched by the unusual chemistry of its constituents.
Neuroregulatory role of ginkgolides - PMC - National Center for ...
This review focuses on the role of ginkgolides as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and overviews their impact on the organism at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. The clinical application of ginkgolides is discussed as well. Keywords: Ginkgolides, Ginkgo biloba, Neuro-regulation, Neuroprotection.
Cardiovascular Activity of Ginkgo biloba—An Insight from Healthy ...
Ginkgolides are diterpenes consisting of six, five-membered rings, containing a spiro[4,4]nonane system, three lactones, and a tetrahydrofuran, incorporating a tert-butyl group [57,58,59]. All have the same molecular geometric skeleton, and, structurally, they only differ in the number and position of the hydroxyl groups [ 13 , 60 ...